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United Nations Convention on the Law of Treaties
Signed at Vienna 23 May 1969, Entry into Force: 27 January 1980


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United Nations Convention on the Law of Treaties
Signed at Vienna 23 May 1969, Entry into Force: 27 January 1980  { 1 }
[Preamble]

Part I - Introduction  { 12 }
Article 1 - Scope of the present Convention  { 13 }
Article 2 - Use of terms  { 15 }
Article 3 - International agreements not within the scope of the present Convention  { 27 }
Article 4 - Non-retroactivity of the present Convention  { 32 }
Article 5 - Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within an international organization  { 34 }

Part II - Conclusion and Entry into Force of Treaties  { 36 }

Section 1. - Conclusion of Treaties  { 37 }
Article 6 - Capacity of States to conclude treaties  { 38 }
Article 7 - Full powers  { 40 }
Article 8 - Subsequent confirmation of an act performed without authorization  { 48 }
Article 9 - Adoption of the text  { 50 }
Article 10 - Authentication of the text  { 53 }
Article 11 - Means of expressing consent to be bound by a treaty  { 57 }
Article 12 - Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by signature  { 59 }
Article 13 - Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by an exchange of instruments constituting a treaty  { 67 }
Article 14 - Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by ratification, acceptance or approval  { 71 }
Article 15 - Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by accession  { 78 }
Article 16 - Exchange or deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession  { 83 }
Article 17 - Consent to be bound by part of a treaty and choice of differing provisions  { 88 }
Article 18 - Obligation not to defeat the object and purpose of a treaty prior to its entry into force  { 91 }

Section 2. - Reservations  { 95 }
Article 19 - Formulation of reservations  { 96 }
Article 20 - Acceptance of and objection to reservations  { 101 }
Article 21 - Legal effects of reservations and of objections to reservations  { 110 }
Article 22 - Withdrawal of reservations and of objections to reservations  { 116 }
Article 23 - Procedure regarding reservations  { 122 }

Section 3. - Entry Into Force and Provisional Application of Treaties  { 127 }
Article 24 - Entry into force  { 128 }
Article 25 - Provisional application  { 133 }

Part III - Observance, Application and Interpretation of Treaties  { 138 }

Section 1. - Observance of Treaties  { 139 }
Article 26 - Pacta sunt servanda  { 140 }
Article 27 - Internal law and observance of treaties  { 142 }

Section 2. - Application of Treaties  { 144 }
Article 28 - Non-retroactivity of treaties  { 145 }
Article 29 - Territorial scope of treaties  { 147 }
Article 30 - Application of successive treaties relating to the same subject-matter  { 149 }

Section 3. - Interpretation of Treaties  { 157 }
Article 31 - General rule of interpretation  { 158 }
Article 32 - Supplementary means of interpretation  { 168 }
Article 33 - Interpretation of treaties authenticated in two or more languages  { 172 }

Section 4. - Treaties and Third States  { 177 }
Article 34 - General rule regarding third States  { 178 }
Article 35 - Treaties providing for obligations for third States  { 180 }
Article 36 - Treaties providing for rights for third States  { 182 }
Article 37 - Revocation or modification of obligations or rights of third States  { 185 }
Article 38 - Rules in a treaty becoming binding on third States through international custom  { 188 }

Part IV - Amendment and Modification of Treaties  { 190 }
Article 39 - General rule regarding the amendment of treaties  { 191 }
Article 40 - Amendment of multilateral treaties  { 193 }
Article 41 - Agreements to modify multilateral treaties between certain of the parties only  { 203 }

Part V - Invalidity, Termination and Suspension of the Operation of Treaties  { 210 }

Section 1. - General Provisions  { 211 }
Article 42 - Validity and continuance in force of treaties  { 212 }
Article 43 - Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty  { 215 }
Article 44 - Separability of treaty provisions  { 217 }
Article 45 - Loss of a right to invoke a ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty  { 226 }

Section 2. - Invalidity of Treaties  { 230 }
Article 46 - Provisions of internal law regarding competence to conclude treaties  { 231 }
Article 47 - Specific restrictions on authority to express the consent of a State  { 234 }
Article 48 - Error  { 236 }
Article 49 - Fraud  { 240 }
Article 50 - Corruption of a representative of a State  { 242 }
Article 51 - Coercion of a representative of a State  { 244 }
Article 52 - Coercion of a State by the threat or use of force  { 246 }
Article 53 - Treaties conflicting with a peremptory norm of general international law (jus cogens)  { 248 }

Section 3. - Termination and Suspension of the Operation of Treaties  { 250 }
Article 54 - Termination of or withdrawal from a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties  { 251 }
Article 55 - Reduction of the parties to a multilateral treaty below the number necessary for its entry into force  { 255 }
Article 56 - Denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty containing no provision regarding termination, denunciation or withdrawal  { 257 }
Article 57 - Suspension of the operation of a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties  { 262 }
Article 58 - Suspension of the operation of a multilateral treaty by agreement between certain of the parties only  { 266 }
Article 59 - Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty implied by conclusion of a later treaty  { 273 }
Article 60 - Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty as a consequence of its breach  { 278 }
Article 61 - Supervening impossibility of performance  { 291 }
Article 62 - Fundamental change of circumstances  { 294 }
Article 63 - Severance of diplomatic or consular relations  { 302 }
Article 64 - Emergence of a new peremptory norm of general international law (jus cogens)  { 304 }

Section 4. - Procedure  { 306 }
Article 65 - Procedure to be followed with respect to invalidity, termination, withdrawal from or suspension of the operation of a treaty  { 307 }
Article 66 - Procedures for judicial settlement, arbitration and conciliation  { 313 }
Article 67 - Instruments for declaring invalid, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty  { 317 }
Article 68 - Revocation of notifications and instruments provided for in articles 65 and 67  { 320 }

Section 5. - Consequences of the Invalidity, Termination or Suspension of the Operation of a Treaty  { 322 }
Article 69 - Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty  { 323 }
Article 70 - Consequences of the termination of a treaty  { 330 }
Article 71 - Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty which conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law  { 335 }
Article 72 - Consequences of the suspension of the operation of a treaty  { 342 }

Part VI - Miscellaneous Provisions  { 347 }
Article 73 - Cases of State succession, State responsibility and outbreak of hostilities  { 348 }
Article 74 - Diplomatic and consular relations and the conclusion of treaties  { 350 }
Article 75 - Case of an aggressor State  { 352 }

Part VII - Depositaries, Notifications, Corrections and Registration  { 354 }
Article 76 - Depositaries of treaties  { 355 }
Article 77 - Functions of depositaries  { 358 }
Article 78 - Notifications and communications  { 369 }
Article 79 - Correction of errors in texts or in certified copies of treaties  { 374 }
Article 80 - Registration and publication of treaties  { 386 }

Part VIII - Final Provisions  { 389 }
Article 81 - Signature  { 390 }
Article 82 - Ratification  { 392 }
Article 83 - Accession  { 394 }
Article 84 - Entry into force  { 396 }
Article 85 - Authentic texts  { 399 }

[Post Clauses (If any: Signed; Witnessed; Done; Authentic Texts; & Deposited Clauses)]

ANNEX  { 403 }
[ANNEX]
* Endnotes    

 

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